This makes it difficult for the opposing team players to judge the location where the ball might land thereby, increasing the chances of getting a point. For the most optimal volleyball serve, the player must make a proper balance between the strength and the technique applied. Also, proper coordination between different body parts of the player such as eyes, hands, legs, etc. Various physical parameters to be taken care of during a volleyball serve are torque, the centre of mass, angular momentum, linear velocity, momentum, action-reaction force, angular kinematics, etc.
To ensure a successful volleyball serve, it is essential for the player to maintain proper positioning and body language because it helps in an appropriate transfer or circulation of momentum and generation of a high magnitude force.
This helps to improve stability or steadiness. The ball should be held firmly in the non-dominant hand. The deltoid coracobrachialis and the clavicular head of the pectoralis major tend to act together and help to stretch the shoulder. The ball is then thrown up into the air and the server takes a step forward. The back foot, knee, and ankle bend while extending the hip. The player then hits the ball with the palm of the dominant hand and finishes the serve.
There are basically five phases of a float serve, namely start position, ball toss, acceleration, ball contact, and follow-through. The start position is the initial most stage of a volleyball serve. Here, the main focus of the player is to establish a comfortable position. The comfortable stance and positioning of feet vary from person to person.
To initiate the serve the player tends to rotate the left foot externally. The non-dominant hand is aligned at an angle equal to 90 degrees with respect to the ground, while the dominant hand is raised behind the head with the shoulder set at an angle equal to 90 degrees.
The starting position is the beginning of the serve where the hitting arm is drawn back at the elbow and the opposing arm is extended for the ball toss. The ball is tossed and the hitting arm begins to swing so that a horizontal rotation of the shoulder of the hitting arm is extended and the elbow is in a flexed position.
When the arm is brought forward for the swing, the hitting arm continues an internal rotation of the shoulder and an extension of the elbow IJCSI This leverage is called a long lever, which optimises velocity applied to the object at the end of the lever, in this case a ball. A short lever reduces the velocity available because there is less force produced at the end of the lever and adversely changes the accuracy of a volleyball serve.
The ideal biomechanical volleyball serve explores various bodily movements such as levers which transfers momentum to the ball. The final movement of the serve is the snapping of the wrist which gives the ball top spin.
Stepping forward generally occurs after the ball has been tossed, which is why the ball toss is so important to throw in the correct position for a player to hit. The ball toss of a volleyball serve affects various bodily procedures that subsequently affects the accuracy and consistency of a volleyball serve. These laws are important in the analysis of a biomechanical perspective of a volleyball serve. Inertia includes changes to an objects speed and direction. It is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at constant velocity.
In volleyball an athlete and the ball are required to constantly change positions. Ideally a volleyball serve should travel in a straight line direction over the net. Therefore inertia is an important aspect to recognise and implement into the biomechanics of a volleyball serve. A volleyball serve is an action produced from the exertion of an internal force produced by the body. The initial serve I produced when I started volleyball did not travel in a straight line motion which was due to various aspects related to force, balance and stability.
Considerably, balance and stability affected my initial serve more significantly than force which is evident in the video comparison of my two serves showing my initial serve on the left. Balance and stability is very important for the execution of a volleyball serve. Balance and stability contributes significantly to the exertion of a volleyball serve. Balance and stability is an aspect that can enhance or degrade the performance of any skill in almost all sports.
The loss of stability in volleyball decreases the ability to perform a volleyball serve with control. The loss of control consequently affects force production and directional accuracy of the ball. Static and dynamic balance are two types of stability recognised in volleyball that are both imperative for the execution of a volleyball serve. When standing with an extended arm, before the ball is tossed, is when static balance is required for serving.
This skill requires static balance to develop the initial movement of a volleyball serve which is the ball toss. A good ball toss is initiated from static balance as the body is not in motion before the ball is tossed. Dynamic balance is also important for the volleyball skill. Walking into the ball toss to hit the ball requires dynamic balance to maintain control of force and direction that the ball is to travel. My initial serve lacked stability and balance that consequently affected my ball toss and swing of my hitting arm that followed movement requiring dynamic balance.
As my initial serve does not exhibit much static balance my ball toss was poor as my body was not stable whichaffected my dynamic balance and ability to transfer momentum to the ball in a linear direction. As my dynamic balance is required to travel forwards, my line of action was non-linear, consequently changing the direction in which the ball would travel. The ball would travel in a different direction because the momentum transferred to the ball was already in a non-linear motionso the ball would also endure the non-linear momentum because momentum is transferred in the same state from one object to another.
This is why it would not be a biomechanically suitable serve. To perform a biomechanical serve in volleyball, the base support, which supports balance and stability, needs to be incorporated to correct technical errors that influence the precision and speed of the serve.
The base support of the body is important for the balance of an athlete to execute any skill. A volleyball serve requires base support to maintain accuracy and speed. In volleyball, balance and stability is a function of a strong base of support, reinforced by the legs and feet. If my legs and feet are not stable my static and dynamic balance is consequently affected.
As explained above static and dynamic is important for a volleyball serve to maintain a constant linear momentum transfer to the ball. One assessment was done in the spring as the team was transitioning into their summer program, and the second one was conducted right before their fall season started to understand if there were any improvements from the summer training. The equipment used to determine any potential improvements includes the Vicon Nexus software, 10 cameras and an AMTI force-sensing treadmill, all of which import movement and other data into a computer for analyses.
The research team is currently in the final stages of understanding these outputs. As of now, volleyball is the only UNC sports team that Smith and his doctoral students are working with.
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