Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Crohn disease. From Genetics Home Reference. Description Crohn disease is a complex, long-lasting chronic disorder that primarily affects the digestive system. Frequency Crohn disease is most common in western Europe and North America, where it has a prevalence of to per , people. Causes The causes of Crohn disease are complex. Inheritance The inheritance pattern of Crohn disease is unclear because many genetic and environmental factors are likely to be involved.
Research Studies from ClinicalTrials. Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. FPrime Rep. The genetics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis--status quo and beyond.
Scand J Gastroenterol. Crohn Disease: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Mayo Clin Proc. Epub Jun 7. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Genetic studies of Crohn's disease: past, present and future. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. Epub May 6. Epub Nov Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility. Nat Genet. Epub Jun 6.
Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Before the procedure, you will need to clear your colon of any stool.
Preparations may include a liquid diet, enema or laxative. During a barium enema:. When the barium reaches your small intestine, a fluoroscopy is performed.
A fluoroscopy is a specialized X-ray that takes real-time, moving images of your internal structures. This is a more invasive, complex diagnostic procedure. However, it is more sensitive at detecting certain abnormalities.
You may be sedated and the doctor will pass a tube through your nose and into your gastrointestinal tract. It is similar to a double-contrast barium enema. Two common endoscopic procedures for diagnosing Crohn's disease are a flexible sigmoidoscopy and a colonoscopy. A flexible sigmoidoscopy examines the rectum and lower colon. A sigmoidoscope is a specialized endoscope that is a thin, flexible lighted tube that your doctor inserts inside you to see the affected area.
Your colon must be clear of stool so your doctor has good visibility. Preparations may include a liquid diet, enema and laxatives. A biopsy forceps may be inserted through the scope in order to remove a small sample of tissue for further analysis. A colonoscopy examines the rectum and the entire colon. A colonoscopy allows for visualization further into the bowel than the sigmoidoscopy, in order to assess the progression of the disease and determine an effective course of therapy.
Treatment for Crohn's disease will depend on the severity of the disease and how much of the gastrointestinal tract is affected. The goal of treatment is to suppress the active disease and prevent it from recurring. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. Who Gets Crohn's Disease?
Crohn's Disease Symptoms Crohn's disease often begins in a person's teens or twenties, though some patients experience symptoms even earlier. Most common symptoms include: Abdominal cramps Diarrhea Delayed growth in younger children , which often occurs before gastrointestinal symptoms begin Weight loss Fever Anemia There are different types of Crohn's disease, depending on which part of the gastrointestinal tract is affected.
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Previously, diet and stress were suspected, but now doctors know that these factors may aggravate, but don't cause, Crohn's disease. Several factors, such as heredity and a malfunctioning immune system, likely play a role in its development. Sometimes ulcers can extend completely through the intestinal wall, creating a fistula — an abnormal connection between different body parts.
Fistulas can develop between your intestine and your skin, or between your intestine and another organ. Fistulas near or around the anal area perianal are the most common kind. When fistulas develop in the abdomen, food may bypass areas of the bowel that are necessary for absorption.
Fistulas may form between loops of bowel, in the bladder or vagina, or through the skin, causing continuous drainage of bowel contents to your skin.
In some cases, a fistula may become infected and form an abscess, which can be life-threatening if not treated. Medication risks. Certain Crohn's disease drugs that act by blocking functions of the immune system are associated with a small risk of developing cancers such as lymphoma and skin cancers. They also increase risk of infection. Corticosteroids can be associated with a risk of osteoporosis, bone fractures, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetes and high blood pressure, among other conditions.
Work with your doctor to determine risks and benefits of medications. Crohn's disease care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
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