The life expectancy for people with MS has increased, possibly due to improvements in treatment and diagnostic tools and lifestyle changes. MS can significantly reduce the quality of life for some people. Treatment plans focus on managing the symptoms and speeding up recovery from flares. The severity and symptoms of MS vary from person to person, and symptoms can be very unpredictable. A person can help manage their symptoms with stretching, light aerobic exercise, and dietary changes.
It is crucial to have a support network that understands what life with MS is like. Various organizations offer support groups and other resources. In addition, MS Healthline is a free app that provides support through one-on-one conversations and live group discussions. A person can download the app for iPhone or Android. Read this article in Spanish. There are many simple home remedies that can help with multiple sclerosis MS nerve pain in the legs, feet, arms, and back.
Many remedies will also…. Itching is one type of dysesthesia, or neurological sensation, that occurs in people with multiple sclerosis. In this article, learn about why it…. MS brain lesions: Causes, symptoms, and pictures.
Medically reviewed by Nancy Hammond, M. Pictures Location and symptoms Disappearing lesions Causes Treatments Having a scan Outlook MRI is an important diagnostic tool for multiple sclerosis because it produces images of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. What do brain lesions look like? Location and symptoms. Disappearing lesions. Causes of brain lesions. Treatments for MS lesions. Having an MRI scan. What to know about itching and MS. Related Coverage.
Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, MD. Treatment with steroids usually brings improvement. Another unusual presentation is concentric rings of demyelination, sometimes with mass effect.
Patients also may present with multiple large lesions and aggressive disease onset. Such patients need early treatment. This treatment may be followed by natalizumab infusions, and the patients may make a good recovery. One distinguishing feature of ADEM is that the patient has many lesions that appear to be of the same age.
Lesions may appear on the basal ganglia and the thalamus, which is atypical for MS. ADEM tends to have a monophasic course, and patients usually present with encephalopathy, headaches, and vomiting.
Patients often have a history of preceding vaccination or infection. What distinguishes it from MS are lacunar infarcts, involvement in sites like the thalamus and basal ganglia, and gray matter involvement.
The absence of gadolinium enhancement is typical in leukodystrophies. The disorders may involve the U-fibers, the brainstem, or the cerebellum, and patients may present with cognitive decline. In the eye, the most pathognomonic finding is hyperfluorescence of the arterial wall on fluorescein angiogram. Early treatment can produce good outcomes, but missing the diagnosis may quickly result in dementia, vision loss, and hearing loss. Lupus can cause CNS manifestations, including cerebritis, vasculitis, and myelitis.
The MS Lesion Checklist is not intended to replace review by qualified neuroradiologists that takes into account a full range of features that may help discriminate MS from other causes eg, lesional signal intensity on various sequences, shape, presence of gadolinium enhancement and assesses for presence of a wide variety of pathologic processes.
Radiology reports can be nonspecific, leaving uncertainty as to whether MRI confirms or confutes MS diagnosis. Mention of demyelinating disease in patients with few or no radiographic characteristics of MS is the most common cause of MS misdiagnosis. This article outlines a practical, checklist-based approach for the practicing clinician and neurology trainee. Belin, Germany: Springer; Dawson JW. The histology of disseminated sclerosis. Trans R Soc Edinb. Topological characteristics of brainstem lesions in clinically definite and clinically probable cases of multiple sclerosis: an MRI-study.
Brownell B, Hughes J. The distribution of plaques in the cerebrum in multiple sclerosis J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics.
Nat Rev Neurol. PMID: Prevalence of brain magnetic resonance imaging meeting. Barkhof and McDonald criteria for dissemination in space among headache patients. Mult Scler. Aliaga ES, Barkhof F. MRI mimics of multiple sclerosis. Handb Clin Neurol. Three-dimensional shape and surface features distinguish multiple sclerosis lesions from nonspecific white matter disease.
J Neuroimaging. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. Am J Neuroradiol. The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis: a multicenter study. Central trigeminal involvement in multiple sclerosis using high-resolution MRI at 3T. Br J Radiol. Brain stem magnetic resonance imaging and evoked potential studies of symptomatic multiple sclerosis patients.
Eur Neurol. Habek M.
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